Secondary Level Biology Subject Curriculum of Subjective Examination - 2076

Article 25 Jun 2020 3387

Secondary Level Biology Subject Curriculum of Subjective Examination - 2076

Government of Nepal, Teachers' Service Commission

Secondary Level Curriculum of Subjective Examination - 2076

Subject: Biology

Marks: 100

Time: 3 Hours

Section - A

Unit One: Bimolecular, Cell Biology and Embryology

Bimolecular: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, minerals, enzymes and
Cell -Biology: Concepts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the detailed structure of eukaryotic cells, and significances.
Plant Anatomy: Types of plant tissues, the anatomy of dicot and monocot root, stem and leaf
Animal Tissues: Types, structure, functions, and locations
Embryology: Asexual and sexual reproductions in angiosperms, pollination, fertilization, development of male and female gametophytes, development of dicot and monocot embryos, the concept of endosperm, and gametogenesis

Unit Two: Bio-Diversity

Introduction: Five kingdom classification systems (monera, Protista, fungi, plantae and animalia).
Fungi (mucor and yeast) and Algae (spirogyra): Structure, reproduction, and economic importance
Morphological structure and reproduction of marchantia, dryopteris and pinus, economic importance of bryophytes, pteridophytes and
Protista: Protozoa (diagnostic features and classification up to class)
Animalia: Systems (digestive, excretory, nervous, reproductive) and economic importance of earthworm and systems (digestive, blood vascular, respiratory and reproductive) of frog

Unit: Three: Genetics and Ecology

Genetics: Genetic materials (DNA and RNA), Mendelian genetics, linkage and crossing over, mutation and
Ecology: Ecosystem and ecology, ecological adaptation, ecological

Biota and Environment: Animal adaptations, environmental pollution, pesticides, and their effects
Conservation Biology: Concept of biodiversity, biodiversity conservation, national parks, wildlife reserves, conservation areas, biodiversity hotspots, wetland, and Ramsar sites, causes of extinction and conservation strategies
Vegetation: Types of vegetation in Nepal, the concept of In-situ (protected areas), and Ex-situ (botanical garden, seed bank) conservation.

Unit: Four: Plant Physiology and Human Biology

Plant Physiology: Water relation, photosynthesis and respiration, plant hormones, plant growth, and movement
Human Biology: Human Systems (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous and reproductive) Sense Organs and Endocrinology

Unit Five: Overview of Science Curriculum and Evaluation of Secondary Level

Curriculum and Textbook: Comparative study of physics curriculum, textbooks and teacher manual of Grade 11 and 12
Teaching aids: Development and use of ICT (integrated commutation technology) in teaching biology
Evaluation: Test items, marking scheme of the biology of class 11 and 12 and specification grid
Assessment: Continuous assessment system, grade, and grading system
Teaching Learning Science: Science process skills, scientific method, approaches of teaching science, science laboratory and safety measures

Section - B

Unit Six: Microbiology and Applied Biology

Monera: Introduction, structure of bacterial cell, mode of nutrition, bacterial growth, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and virus (introduction, structure importance) and bacteriophage

6.2 Impacts of Biotechnology in the field of Microbiology.

Applied Biology: Tissue and organs transplantation, in-vitro fertilization (IVF), amniocentesis, the concept of genetically modified organisms, poultry, and fish farming,

Application of cross-fertilization, self and cross-pollination, cryopreservation, and mutation.
Biotechnology: Tissue culture, plant breeding, disease resistance plants, green manure and bio-fertilizer, bio-pesticide, genetic engineering and GMOs and application, bio-engineering, food safety, and food security

Unit Seven: Animal Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Lower Non-Chordata: Taxonomy (concept, trends, species, keys/diagnostic features), structure and reproduction (Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, aschelminthes, and Annelida)
Higher Non-Chordata and Protochordata: Diagnostic features, classification, structure and organ systems (Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and protochordate)
Chordata: diagnostic features, classification, origin, evolution and adaptive radiation of Chordata (Pisces, amphibia, reptilia, aves, and Mammalia)

Unit Eight: Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Plant Taxonomy: Principles, approaches of classification, and botanical nomenclature.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG): Classification, principles, and ranks with major angiosperm clades, with an updated version
Taxonomic Description of the Families: Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae with economic

Unit Nine: Anatomy, Evolution, Biogeography, and Ecology

Comparative Anatomy of Chordate: Exoskeleton, endoskeleton, digestive organs, respiratory organs, circulatory organs, portal systems, urinogenital organs, gonads, ducts, and brain
Evolution: Life and its origin (Oparin-Haldane theory, Miller and Urey's experiment), principles of organic evolution, basic patterns of evolution- sequential and divergent evolution, micro, macro, mega and quantum evolution, the modern synthetic theory of evolution, gene pool and gene frequency, Hardy- Weinberg Law
Biogeography: Biogeography and distribution, biogeographic patterns and process, zoogeographic realms, the theory of island biogeography, zoogeographic affinities of the fauna of Nepal

Ecology: Population growth models, community patterns, measurement and analyses methods of population and communities

Unit Ten: Neuronal, Behavioral Biology, Immunology, Cytogenetic, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics

10.1. Neurobiology: Organization of the nervous system, cells and connection of the nervous system, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, neural regulation of complex functions, brain functions, consciousness, biorhythm and its regulatory genes/circadian timekeeping, sleep, dreaming and wakefulness, reward, addiction, and emotion

Behavioral Biology: Principles, mechanisms and development of animal behavior, stimuli and communication, learning and memory (bees, birds, primates), the ecology of feeding behavior and mating systems and ecology of parental care
Immunology and Microbial Diseases: Immune system, receptors, nature of antigen and antibody, immune effectors mechanisms, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, and products, risk and hazard group of microorganisms, causative agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures of selected human diseases (tuberculosis and HIV, SARS, COVID-19, hepatitis) and basic concepts of immunology–vaccines
Cytogenetic: Cell membrane transport mechanism, cell metabolism, cell adhesion and communication, structural organization of genome, structure, expression, and regulation of genes
Biostatistics & Bioinformatics: Databases, tools and their uses (structure, importance, nucleic acid, and protein sequence), evolutionary trees homology and similarity, phylogeny and relationship (approaches used in phylogenetic analysis, phylogenetic trees)

Specification Grid

Subject: Biology

Level: Secondary

Scope of Curriculum	Marks
Section - A
Unit 1: Biomolecules, Cell Biology and Embryology	10
Unit 2: Biodiversity	10
Unit 3: Genetics and Biology	10
Unit 4: Plant Physiology and Human Biology	10
Unit 5: Curriculum and Evaluation	10
Section - B
Unit 6: Microbiology and Applied Biology	10
Unit 7: Animal Taxonomy and Nomenclature	10
Unit 8: Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature	10
Unit 9: Anatomy, Evolution, Biogeography, and Ecology	10
Unit 10: Neuronal, Behavioral Biology, Immunology, Cytogenetic, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics	10
Total	100